The classical protestant theology seems to focus more in line with Plato’s ideas. For example, Roman Catholics believe that reason was given to humans from God and was not taken by the disobedience of Adam however, classical protestant theology believes that reason was lost in the disobedience and that is the cause of the human problem. Although all forms of Christianity believe in a God, they do not all believe in the same solution to the human problem. This disobedience caused by Adam created the original sin that can only be cleansed by the forgiveness of God. Christianity believes in a Supreme Being or God and that the suffering of the world goes back to the Book of Genesis in the Bible when Adam disobeyed God by eating the sacred fruit from the tree in the Garden of Eden. Stoics had a pantheistic view of the world in that humans are a part of the divine and must live according to nature and that happiness could be found in reason. Stoicism is based in the time of the Greeks and goes along with Plato’s idea of reason.
The first religion that the reading talks about is stoicism. The purpose that religions have is to determine what is the cause of the human problem or suffering. Plato is different from the other philosophers/psychologists because he believes that the human problem lies in ignorance and that in order to get rid of the problem, once must gain knowledge and reason. Lorenz focuses on the “theory of innate human aggression”, which is basically the same concept as Freud.
The non-expression of these urges causes a type of “antisocial characterization” of human nature which should not be present. Freud, on the other hand, views society’s rules of countering the desires of mankind as the cause of the human problem, because humans now cannot express their urges as they want to, and this causes a pen up frustration. Marx believes that the human problem is due to a capitalist society and that the problem with the world is that people are estranged and continue to work although there is no satisfaction in that work. The different people who take a stand at the human problem are Marx, Freud, Lorenz, and Plato. This reading starts off with the human problem as seen through different people, and then focuses on the human problem as seen through four different religions.
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